Conditional Sentences (Kalimat Bersyarat Atau Pengandaian)

Conditional sentences yaitu kalimat bersyarat atau kalimat pengandaian. Kalimat bersyarat atau pengandaian umumnya sanggup diungkapkan dengan memakai klausa "if" atau "jika".

Suatu kalimat bersyarat terdiri dari dua klausa yaitu klausa utama (main clause) dan klausa syarat (if clause or conditional clause). Suatu klausa utama spesialuntuk akan bernilai benar atau tercapai jikalau klausa syarat sudah terpenuhi.

Selanjutnya, kita sanggup menarikdanunik suatu kesimpulan menurut kalimat bersyarat yang digunakan. Dalam penulisannya, kita sanggup meletakkan klausa utama di awal atau di simpulan kalimat.

Dalam bahasa Inggris, ada tiga jenis atau tipe kalimat bersyarat yaitu tipe 1, tipe 2, dan tipe 3 yang akan kita dibahas melalui tabel dan diagram di bawah ini.

Seperti yang terlihat pada diagram di bawah, kalimat bersyarat (conditional sentences) terdiri dari tiga tipe yang mempunyai abjad masing-masing yang tidak sama.

Berikut disajikan tabel yang menunjukkan ciri-ciri dari masing-masing tipe kalimat bersyarat beserta kesimpulannya (meaning).

If clause	Main Clause	Meaning
I. If Simple Present S + V1-s/es S + is/am/are	Simple Future S + will/shall + inf S + will/shall be	Masih mungkin terjadi. Maybe, Perhaps, Probably, Possibly.
Example : If I have much money, I will buy those motorcycles.		Maybe I have much money and buy those motorcycles.
II. If Simple Past S + V2 S + were	Past Future S + would/should + inf S + would/should + be	Simple Present S + V1-s,es/ is,am,are Berlawanan dengan kalimat
Example :  I would have the computer if the price were cheaper.		I don't have the computer. The price is not cheaper.
III. If Past Perfect S + had + V3 S + had + been	Past Future Perfect S + would/should + have +V3 S + would/should + have + been	Simple Past S + V2/was/were Berlawanan dengan kalimat
Example : If She had stayed with me last night, She wouldn't have been so lonely.		She stayed with another man. She was lonely.

Note !:
Pada tipe 2, untuk if clause tidak dipakai tobe "was". Apapun subjeknya baik itu jamak maupun tunggal, dipakai "were". Sedangkan, pada kesimpulan atau arti (meaning) tetap dipakai "was" dan "were".

Penggunaan :

1. Type 1
   Digunakan untuk membicarakan sebuah kemungkinan yang belum terjadi sehingga masih ada kemungkinan akan terjadi. Type 1 juga sanggup dipakai untuk menyatakan fakta umum. Ketik berbicara wacana fakta umum, biasanya dipakai main clause dalam bentuk simple present juga. Kita juga sanggup memakai conditional tipe 1 dengan kalimat perintah menyerupai pola pada nomor tiga di bawah ini.
   
   Example :
   

   • If the weather is fine, we will go out for a walk (menyatakan sebuah kemungkinan).
   • If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by three, the number is divisible by three (Fakta).
   • If you meet my brother, please tell him that I need to talk to him (menyatakan perintah).
   
   
2. Type 2
   Digunakan untuk membicarakan wacana kejadian kini (present) yang berlawanan dengan kalimat pengandaiannya. melaluiataubersamaini kata lain, kalimat pengandain tersebut mempunyai arti atau kesimpulan yang berlawanan.
   
   Example :
   

   • If I became president, I would change the social security system (meaning : I don't become president).
   • If Lia were ready, She would be much more confident (meaning : Lia is not ready, so she is not confident).
   
   
3. Type 3
   Digunakan untuk membicarakan kejadian atau keadaan lampau (past) yang berlawanan dengan kalimat pengandaiannya.
   
   Example :
   

   • If he hadn't been careless, his car wouldn't have hit that tree (meaning : he was careless and his car hit the tree).
   • If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that party (meaning : you didn't warn me, so I told your father).
   
   

Penghilangan "If"

Kalimat bersyarat sanggup diubah menjadi bentuk lain dengan menghilangkan "if" namun tidak merubah artinya. Berikut tabel yang menunjukkan cara penghilangan "if" pada masing-masing tipe kalimat bersyarat.

Conditional	Penghilangan "if"	Meaning
I. If Simple Present S + V1-s/es S + is/am/are	Should + S + V1	Masih mungkin terjadi. Maybe, Perhaps, Probably, Possibly.
Example : If I have much money, I will buy those motorcycles. Should I have much money, I'll buy those motorcycles.		Maybe I have much money and buy those motorcycles.
II. If Simple Past S + V2 S + were	Were + S + adj/adv/noun Were + S + to + V1	Simple Present S + V1-s,es/ is,am,are Berlawanan dengan kalimat
Example : I would have the computer if the price were cheaper. Were the price cheaper, I would have the cmputer.		I don't have the computer. The price is not cheaper.
III. If Past Perfect S + had + V3 S + had + been	Had + S + V3 Had + S + been	Simple Past S + V2/was/were Berlawanan dengan kalimat
Example : If She had stayed with me last night, She wouldn't have been so lonely. Had she stayed with me last night, she wouldn’t have been so lonely.		She stayed with another man. She was lonely.